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4/0: (Four over zero) Four-color printing on front, no printing on back. 4/1: (Four over one) four-color printing on front, black printing only on back. 4/4: (Four over four) four-color printing on both sides. 4-color-process: The process of combining four basic colors to create a printed color picture or colors composed from the basic four colors (cyan, magenta, yellow and black). 8, 16 & 24-bit Graphics: A unit of measure that indicates the number of colors displayed. An 8-bit video card is capable of displaying 256 colors out of a palette of 16.7 million colors. A 16-bit video card is capable of displaying over 64,000 colors out of a palette of 16.7 million colors. A 24-bit video card is capable of displaying 16.7 million colors, which is approximately what the human eye can see. Increasing VRAM on a graphics card will increase the number of colors you can see and also increase the resolution (the amount of pixels) as well. 8 & 16-bit Audio: A unit of measure that indicates the resolution of a digitized sound sample. The higher the resolution, the better the audio fidelity. Audio that is digitized using 8 bits of resolution is slightly better in fidelity than normal AM radio. 16-bit audio is the standard used for standard audio compact discs (CD-DA). Access Time: Length of time required for a hard disk, CD-ROM drive or other similar device to find the data stored on it. Generally measured in milliseconds (ms). Accordion fold: Bindery term for two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion. Alteration: Change in copy of specifications after production has begun. Analog: The method in which data (usually audio or video) is recorded. An analog signal is an electronic signal that is defined by means of a steady flow of electric current that is modulated to different frequencies, voltages and amplitudes. Examples of analog devices are your television, VCR and cassette recorders. Aqueous coating: A water-based protective coating used in printing. Authoring Software: A software package that allows a user to create interactive media and multimedia presentations. Automated Clearing House (ACH): One of a series of highly reliable nationwide electronic funds transfer systems governed by operating rules which provide for the interbank clearing of electronic payments for participating financial institutions. Back-end processes: Computing applications running and using data stored on large mainframe computers and other legacy computers or servers. Barcode: A printed code that corresponds to a specific location(s) on a LaserDisc. A barcode scanner reads the code and allows you to locate and play any image or sequence on the disk. Roll fold/barrel fold: A method of folding so that, starting from the end, each panel folds in like a barrel. Basis weight: Weight in pounds of a ream of paper cut to the basic size for its grade. Bind or binding: To fasten sheets or signatures with wire, thread, glue or by other means. Bindery: The finishing department of a print shop or firm specializing in finishing printed products. Bleed: Printing that goes to the edge of the sheet after trimming. Bleed, Full Bleed: Printed colors that run all the way to the edge of a sheet are referred to as bleeds. We ask that you allow an eighth-inch for bleed on all items. Blueline: A blue photographic proof used to check position of all image elements. BOM(Bill of Material):Document listing each material component needed to produce product. Break for color: Also known as a color break. To separate mechanically or by software the parts to be printed in different colors. Brightness: The brilliance or reflectance of paper. Brilliant Box: See Dual Jewel Case BTS (Break the Seal):Label with printed licensing information used to seal product. Bulk pack: Boxing printed product without wrapping or banding. Burn: Exposing a printing plate to high intensity light or placing an image on a printing plate by light. Butt: Joining images without overlapping. Caliper: Paper thickness in thousandths of an inch. Camera-ready copy: Print-ready mechanical art. Candy box: Printed or unprinted box with flip top. Can hold variety of different objects. Card stock: A stiff or rigid paper stock. Card (also referred to as cover) stock is often used for postcards, magazine covers and other items which require rigidity. Card stock is usually described by a point size, which states the thickness of the sheet in 1000ths of inches (0.001"). For example, 10-point card is 0.010" thick. Card stock can also be described by pound weights. Standard US pound (#) weight is determined as the weight of 500 20" x 26" sheets. (Text stock is measured differently than card and assumes 500 sheets of 25" x 38" to determine pound weight). Cast coated: Coated paper with a high-gloss reflective finish. CD-DA: Compact Disc Digital Audio, or CD-DA, contains musical or audio information that is encoded digitally. CD-DA is the standard format used by the music industry. The standard used for CD-DA is known as Red Book, based on the standards published by Philips and Sony. CD+G: Compact Disc plus Graphics is a format which includes limited video graphics capabilities in a CD-DA format. Mostly used in Karoke (sing-along) devices. CD-I: Developed by Philips, Compact Disc-Interactive is a compact disc stand-alone (set top) system that connects to a standard TV. This system was designed for the home user interested in multimedia entertainment, but who does not want to invest in a multimedia computer. CD-i is capable of storing 19 hours of audio, 7,500 still images and 72 minutes of full screen/full motion video (MPEG) in a standard CD format. The standard used for CD-i is known as Green Book. CD-i devices are also capable of playing CD-DA, CD+G, Photo CD and Video CDs. CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory is a laser-encoded optical memory storage medium on which digital data is stored. CD-ROM is the basis for many existing CD formats, using the same CLV spiral concept as computer audio discs. Newer CD-ROMs hold about 650mb of data, sound, and limited stills and motion video. A CD-ROM player will typically play CD-DA discs, but a CD-DA player will not play CD-ROMs. The standard used for most CD-ROM formats is known as Yellow Book, based on the standard published by Philips. CD-ROM XA: CD-ROM Extended Architecture is a hybrid format that combines CD-ROM and CD-i capabilities to allow interleaved compressed sound and graphics. CD-ROM XA is the basis for Kodak's Photo CD format. C1S: A trade acronym for Coated 1 (one) Side. Typically a card/cover weight, C1S is commonly used for postcards and business cards. The lack of coating makes writing on the uncoated side much easier. CMYK: An acronym for the four-color process printing: cyan, magenta, yellow and black. The four inks are used to create all colors. Coated Paper: Paper is coated to enhance quality and printability. This allows the paper to be printed with a low dot gain, or ink absorption, assuring that the ink doesn't run or spread and cause blurriness or lack of contrast. Can have matte, dull, satin, or gloss finishes. CODEC: (Compressor/Decompressor) An algorithm or scheme used when recording digital video. Many CODEC schemes are available, depending on image quality and file size. Collate: A finishing term for gathering paper in a precise order. Color bar: A quality control term regarding the spots of ink color on the tail of a sheet. Color matching system: A system of formulated ink colors used for communicating color. Color separations: The process of preparing artwork, photographs, transparencies, or computer generated art for printing by separating into the four primary printing colors. Composite film: Combining two or more images on one or more pieces of film Contrast: The tonal change in color from light to dark. Cookie: an HTTP header that consists of a text-only string that gets entered into the memory of your browser. This string contains the domain, path, lifetime, and value of a variable that you set. If the lifetime of this variable is longer than the time the user spends at your site, then this string is saved to file for future reference. Copy: Any furnished material or discs used in the production of a printed product. Cover paper: A heavy printing paper used to cover books, make presentation folders, etc. Crop: To cut off parts of a picture or image. Crop marks: Printed lines showing where to trim a printed sheet. Crossover: Printing across the gutter or from one page to the facing page of a publication. Densitometer: A quality control device to measure the density of printing ink. Density: The degree of color or darkness of an image or photograph. Die: Metal rule or imaged block used to cut or place an image on paper in the finishing process. Die cutting: Curing images in or out of paper. Digital: The method in which data (usually computer data or audio CDs) is recorded. A digital signal is an electronic signal that is defined by a series of binary numbers (0's and 1's). Common digital devices are the audio CD player and the computer. Digital cash: An electronic replacement for cash.
Domain naming service (DNS): This is the network service responsible for converting numeric IP addresses into text-based names. See also IP address. Dot: An element of halftones. Using a loupe you will see that printed pictures are made of many dots. Dot gain or spread: A term used to explain the difference in size between the dot on film vs paper. Caused by multiple generations of an image (film to plate to blanket to paper). Also caused by absorption of ink into paper, which can change image quality. Double burn: Exposing a plate to multiple images. DPI: Dots per inch. We ask that all images be saved at 300 dpi. (We also prefer dpi over dots per centimeter.) Draw-down: A sample of ink and paper used to evaluate ink colors. Drop-out: Portions of artwork that do not print. Dual Jewel Case: Plastic case that holds 2 CDs, front and backliner. Offers automated assembly. Dummy: A rough layout of a printed piece showing position and finished size. DVD-ROM: DVD-ROM, is a new high capacity, high throughput read-only optical-disc format that can be used as a general purpose computer storage device. The DVD-ROM format can be used for a wide variety of purposes within a personal computer environment. A number of vendors are currently offering DVD-ROM drives, and MPEG-2 playback boards that can be used to play DVD-Video titles on DVD-ROM enabled personal computers. Duotone: A halftone picture made up of two printed colors. Dylux: Photographic paper made by DuPont and used for bluelines.
Emboss: Pressing an image into paper so that it will create a raised relief. Emulsion: Light sensitive coating found on printing plates and film. Extranet: Two or more Intranets connected using TCP/IP; also called shared nets.
Flood: To cover a printed page with ink, varnish, or plastic coating in its entirety. Flop: The reverse side of an image. Front-end processes: Computer applications running on client computers connected to servers or legacy mainframe computers FTP (File transfer protocol): Process in which electronic media is transferred. Often used to send CD label art and print artwork. Fulfillment sleeve: 5 x 7-1/2 CD sleeve printed holds 2 CDs. Not automated. Gang: Getting the most out of a printing press by using the maximum sheet size to print multiple images or jobs on the same sheet. A way to save money. Gang Run: Printing more than one job on the same press at the same time. Generation: Stages of reproduction from original copy. A first generation reproduction yields the best quality. Gloss: A shiny coating on a paper that allows very little ink absorption, or dot gain, and offer excellent color definition and contrast. Grain: The direction in which the paper fiber lies. Gloss: A shiny coating on a paper that allows very little ink absorption, or dot gain, and offers excellent color definition and contrast. Halftones: Photographs and illustrations usually require varying degrees of ink density for accurate representation. A film that provides this variable density output is referred to as a halftone. A halftone is no different than a single color scan. However, common usage refers to a single color image as a halftone, while a process color image is called a separation. Each of the independent colors in a set of CMYK films is in fact a halftone. Hard copy: The output of a computer printer, or typed text sent for typesetting. Hickey: Reoccurring unplanned spots that appear in the printed image from dust, lint or dried ink. High-bulk paper: A paper made thicker than its standard basis weight.
Image area: Portion of paper on which ink can appear.
Imposition: Positioning printed pages so they will fold in the proper order. Impression: Putting an image on paper.
Internet:This protocol that works on the network layer to provide an address space for internetworks, and to handle the routing of packets across an internetwork.
Jewel case: Plastic case that holds one CD, frontliner and backliner. Offers automated assembly. JPEG: JPEG is the standard adopted by the Joint Photographic Experts Group for compression and decompression of digital images and, more recently, video. Keylines: Lines on mechanical art that show position of photographs or illustrations Knockout: When type or line art is to be printed over a photograph or other variable color background, the best way to produce a consistent color is to first "reverse" the type or artwork out of the background, then drop in the desired color. This process is referred to as knocking out, and we use this process mainly when we create film positives for CD silk-screening. Laminate: To cover with clear plastic film, to bond or glue one surface to another. Line screen: Lines per inch, used to create the printing film and plates. Higher line screens allow for more detail. Newsprint, for example, is commonly printed at 85 line screen. We print most of our paper products at 150 line screen (although some, such as high-run magazines, are printed at 133.) CDs are printed at 100 or 133 screens. Lines per inch: The number of rows of dots per inch in a halftone. Loupe: A magnifying glass used to review a printed image, plate and position film. Magenta: Process color. Make-ready: All the activities required to prepare a press for printing. Matchprint: Trade name for 3M integral color proof. MIDI: An acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, MIDI is a international industry specification for control of digital audio devices and musical instruments. Moire: Occurs when screen angles are wrong, causing odd patterns in photographs. Multimedia: Combination of different communication tools such as text, graphics, sound and video. When used together, these assets create a highly versatile teaching tool that helps a broad spectrum of students to learn. Negative: The image on film that makes the white areas of originals black and black areas white. Offset Lithography: A printing process based on the principal that oil and water do not mix. A thin aluminum plate is imaged using film or laser light. The resulting image left on the emulsion is olephilic (oil loving). The bare aluminum is hydrophilic (water loving). Fountain solution is mostly water, and ink is oil based. The two are kept in balance to produce a clean image which is offset or transferred to a compressible rubber blanket before the image is transferred directly to the paper or other substrate. Offset paper: Term for uncoated book paper. Offsetting: Using an intermediate surface used to transfer ink. Also, an unpleasant happening when the images of freshly printed sheets transfer images to each other. Opacity: The amount of show-through on a printed sheet. The more opacity or the thicker the paper, the less show-through. (The thicker or heavier the paper, the higher the cost.) Overrun or overs: Copies printed in excess of the specified quantity. (Printing trade terms allow for + - 10 % to represent a completed order.) Overwrap: Plastic film, wrapped around product with tear strip. Panel: The front and back of a page is considered one panel. Commonly used when referring to brochures, cards and folders. Pantone Matching System, or PMS: The most popular color-matching system in the printing industry. PMS colors are defined by numbers. (PMS 185, for example, is a very common bright red). Pantone, PMS and the Pantone Matching System are trademarks of Pantone, Inc. Paper Grade: A somewhat subjective means of rating papers using opacity, brightness, finish and formation. Premium, #1, #2, #3, #4 and #5 are examples. Perfect bind: A type of binding that glues the edge of sheets to a cover like a telephone book, Microsoft software manual, or Country Living Magazine. Perfect Bound: Binding procedure where adjacent pages are stacked together, the spine edge is glued, and then a cover is glued onto the spine. Perfecting press: A sheet-fed printing press that prints both sides of a sheet at one time through. the press. Picking: Printers' nightmare that occurs as the surface of a sheet lifts off during printing. Generally a paper manufacturer's quality-control problem Plate gap: Gripper space. The area where the grippers hold the sheet as it passes through the press. PMS: The abbreviated name of the Pantone Color Matching System. Point: For paper, a unit of thickness equaling 1/1000 inch. For typesetting, a unit of height equaling 1/72 inch. Poster Fold: This is when a CD booklet folds out like a poster, instead of like a barrel-fold strip or a bound booklet. Below is a diagram of an eight-panel poster fold. Pressure-sensitive paper: Paper material with self-sticking adhesive covered by a backing sheet. Private Key: A key used to encrypt a message but kept private to the originator. Process colors: Each of the following are one of the standard process colors: cyan (blue), magenta (process red), yellow (process yellow) and black (process black). Public Key: The key used by a message's recipient to decrypt a message; can be divulged to as large an extent as is necessary or convenient Quick sleeve: 5x5 printed sleeve. Holds 1 CD. Offers automated assembly. Reflective Art: Original material that reflects light. Examples are photographic prints, drawings and printed material. The opposite is a transparency. Registration: The positioning of the process colors so they combine in the correct locations with the correct densities. (If the registration of a printed material is "off," you might see a yellow or magenta line outside an image. This is common in newspaper printing -- you can usually find examples of off registration in color comics pages.) Register marks: Cross-hair lines or marks on film, plates and paper that guide strippers, platemakers, pressmen and bindery personnel in processing a print order from start to finish. Reverse: The opposite of what you see. Printing the background of an image. For example; type your name on a piece of paper. The reverse of this would be a black piece of paper with a white name. RGB: Acronym for red, green and blue, the color system used in TV and computer monitors to create all colors. RGB is similar to the CMYK used in process printing in that all colors, but it is not exact. A color that looks bright red on the computer screen might not look so bright once it is printed. This is why we recommend Iris color proofs be made if you're not sure what the colors will look like. While CMYK is a subtractive color (100% of each color makes black), RGB is additive, which means 100% saturation of each color makes white. Routing: Document listing resources, machine and/or man-hours needed to produce product. Saddle stitch (or side-staple): Binding procedure in which a catalog or magazine is bound by staples in the center of the page spreads, then folded in half. Scanner: Device used to make color separations, halftones, duo tones and tri tones. Also a device used to scan art, pictures or drawings in desktop publishing. Schematic: Production drawing that shows the order in which the components are assembled. Score: A shallow crease where a sheet of paper will be folded (such as on greeting cards). This keeps the ink (and paper) from cracking at the edge of the fold. Screen angles: Frequently a desktop publisher's nightmare. The angles at which halftone, duo tones, tri tones, and color separation printing films are placed to make them look right. Self-cover: Using the same paper as the text for the cover. Color separations: A full-color image is broken down - or separated - into the process colors: cyan, magenta, yellow and black. For four-color work, we output a sheet of film for each of the process colors, and the four sheets together are called separations. Show-through: Printing on one side of a sheet that can be seen on the other side of the sheet. Shrink-wrap: Plastic film, heated to form tightly around product as protective coating Side stitch: Binding by stapling along one side of a sheet. Signature: A sheet of printed pages which, when folded, become a part of a book or publication. Silk screen: Process of printing on a CD. Skid: A pallet used for a pile of cut sheets. Specifications: A precise description of a print order. Spine: The binding edge of a book or publication. Spoilage: Planned paper waste for all printing operations. Spot varnish: Varnish used to highlight a specific part of the printed sheet. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer):The protocol that provides authentication for servers and browsers, as well as confidentiality and data integrity for communications between a Web server and browser. Step-and-repeat: A procedure for placing the same image on plates in multiple places. Stock or substrate: The material to be printed. Stripping: Process of assembling and combining film and/or negatives to create the final 4 pieces of film used for process printing. TCP/IP Protocols:These protocols define how data is subdivided into packets for transmission, and how applications can transfer files and send electronic mail. Text stock: A paper stock used for sell sheets, CD booklets, magazine pages and other printing where the stiffness of card stock is not required. Text stock is categorized by pound weights. Standard U.S. text pound (#) weight is determined by the weight of 500, 25" x 38" sheets. For example; 500 sheets of 80 # text stock, cut 25" x 38" would weigh 80 pounds. (Card stock is measured differently than text and assumes 500 sheets of 20" x 26" to determine pound weight). Tints: A shade of a single color or combined colors. Transparency: The opposite of reflective art, transparencies include slides and anything else that allows light to pass through rather than reflect off. Trap or trapping: When two different-colored areas are butted against each other on a page, a small white or other color gap, known as the trap space, can sometimes appear if the films and plates are in perfect register. To avoid these gaps, an overlap is sometimes created. The color of the overlap is selected to minimize the visual effect of the overlap, yet fill the trap space. This process is known as trapping. Trim marks: Similar to crop or register marks. These marks show where to trim the printed sheet. Trim size: The final size of one printed image after the last trim is made. Turnkey Product: Finished product that includes multiple products and/or services. Tyvek Sleeve: CD sleeve made from durable material that will not easily tear. Similar to paper sleeve in look. Uncoated: A paper stock, such as copier paper, that has no coating and allows ink absorption (dot gain) during the printing process. Uncoated is less expensive than coated stock and is often used to reduce costs on jobs where quality is not the primary concern. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The means for identifying a resource on the Internet. A URL begins with the name of the protocol needed to get the data from the server, followed by the text name of the resource. A URL can include the IP address of a resource in lieu of the text name. Number Up: Printing two or three up means printing multiple copies of the same image on the same sheet. UV coating: Liquid laminate bonded and cured with ultraviolet light. Environmentally friendly. Varnish: A clear liquid applied to printed surfaces for looks and protection. (UV coating looks better.) Vignette halftone: A halftone whose background gradually fades to white. Wallet: A helper application for a Web browser used to pass an encrypted credit card number from a buyer, through the sales merchant, and on to the server maintained by the credit company for authentication and approval. Waste: A term for planned spoilage. Watermark: A distinctive design created in paper at the time of manufacture that can be easily seen by holding the paper up to a light. Web: A roll of printing paper.
Web press: The name of a type of presses that print from rolls of paper. Wire-O binding: A method of wire binding books along the binding edge that will allow the book to lay flat using double loops. A bindery trade name for mechanical binding using double loops of wire through a hole. With the grain: Folding or feeding paper into the press or folder parallel
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